产生于封建时代的秘密社会，是由下层群众为了互济互助和自卫抗暴而自发结成的社会群体，分民间教门与会党两类①。民间教门以师徒递传的方式组成，维系内部联系与团结的纽带是宗教迷信；它要求徒众茹素食斋，诵经礼佛，以消灾挥祸，避劫免厄。民间教门表面上与佛教、道教有某 The secret society that originated in the feudal era was a social group spontaneously formed by the lower masses for mutual assistance and self-defense and anti-violence. Folk religions are composed of mentoring and apprenticeship. The link that maintains the internal relations and solidarity is religious superstition. It requires the Vigor vegetarian to study vegetarian food and recite the Buddhism and Buddhism. On the surface of folk religion Buddhism, Taoism has a certain