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埃尔·格利柯的《红衣主教唐奥南多·尼尼奥·德格瓦拉》,委拉斯贵兹的《宫娥》以及扬·凡·爱克的《阿尔诺芬尼夫妇》,三幅名画在处理画家与所画之人位置关系上呈三种不同的样式,提供了三种不同的视角和认知。马克斯·韦伯力图使实证主义和人文主义这两种社会科学的传统方法结合起来,确定“价值关联”的研究方法,提出“理想类型”的概念。这三幅画正好可以形象地说明社会学的三种方法,进而可以更好地理解马克斯·韦伯对历史学和社会学的看法、对科学与行为关系的观念以及他的现代主义哲学观。
El Greco’s “Cardinal Don O’Nordo Ninos de Guevara”, Velasquez’s “Palace E” and Jan van Eyck’s “Arnold Finney couple” The three famous paintings presented three different styles in handling the positional relationship between the artist and the artist, providing three different perspectives and perceptions. Max Weber attempted to combine the two traditional methods of social science, positivism and humanism, to determine the “value-related” approach to research and to propose the concept of “ideal type.” These three paintings illustrate the three methods of sociology in a vivid way, which can better understand Max Weber’s views on history and sociology, his ideas on the relationship between science and behavior, and his modernist philosophy.