为了认识内蒙古东部地区水资源可持续利用现状的异同,文章利用水资源生态足迹计算模型,对兴安盟和通辽市2个地区的水资源生态足迹进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:(1)通辽市的人均水资源生态足迹数值均高于兴安盟。(2)2个地区的水资源生态足迹账户中,农业灌溉用水所占的比例最大。(3)通辽市的人均水资源生态承载力均低于兴安盟。(4)通辽市出现了明显的生态赤字情况,而兴安盟只有个别年份出现过生态赤字。(5)兴安盟的万元GDP生态足迹高于通辽市。这表明兴安盟对水资源的利用效率相对较低。(6)通辽市水资源环境处于不安全状态;兴安盟水环境总的趋势是逐渐优化。这说明兴安盟的水资源可持续利用程度要高于通辽市,但是其水资源的利用效率却相对较低。得出结论,区域水资源可持续利用的程度与自然、社会和经济的发展有关系。 In order to understand the similarities and differences of the sustainable utilization of water resources in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, the paper makes a comparative analysis of the ecological footprint of water resources in two districts of Xing’an League and Tongliao City by using the calculation model of ecological footprint of water resources. The results show that: (1) The ecological footprint per capita of water resources in Tongliao City is higher than Xing’an League. (2) Agricultural water accounts for the largest proportion of the ecological footprinting of water resources in the two regions. (3) Per Capita water resources ecological carrying capacity of Tongliao City is lower than Xing’an League. (4) Tongliao City, there is a clear ecological deficit situation, Xingan League only a few years there have been ecological deficits. (5) Xing’an League million yuan GDP ecological footprint higher than Tongliao City. This shows that Xingan League is relatively inefficient in using water resources. (6) Water environment in Tongliao City is in an unsafe condition; the general trend of water environment in Xing’an League is gradually optimized. This shows that Xing’an League has a higher degree of sustainable use of water resources than Tongliao City, but its water resources utilization efficiency is relatively low. Concluded that the extent of sustainable use of regional water resources and the natural, social and economic development are related.