目的了解湖南省祁阳县学龄期儿童体内血铅水平和外环境铅暴露情况以及分布特征,为科学防治学龄期儿童铅中毒提供依据。方法采用分层单纯随机抽样方法抽取2016年祁阳县工业区黎家坪镇、非工业区下马渡镇、县城关镇6~12岁儿童各200人,采用钨舟原子吸收光谱法测定血铅水平。结果祁阳县600名学龄期儿童体内血铅水平为(73.98±18.21)μg/L,其中血铅水平≥100μg/L者28人,铅中毒率为4.67%,且均为轻度铅中毒;不同地区学龄期儿童血铅水平和铅中毒率差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=12.89,P<0.05);男童的血铅含量(75.73±19.16)μg/L高于女童的(72.34±17.14)μg/L,且男童(6.55%)铅中毒检出率高于女童(2.90%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.48,P<0.05)。结论祁阳县学龄期儿童血铅水平虽然低于湖南省其他县市,但是长时间、低水平的潜在铅暴露危险性大。相关部门应加强对于人群血铅水平的监测,尤其是学龄期儿童。 Objective To understand the blood lead levels and the distribution of lead in school-age children in Qiyang County, Hunan Province, and to provide basis for scientific prevention and control of lead poisoning in school-age children. Methods Totally 200 randomly selected children aged 6 ~ 12 years old in Lijiaping Industrial Park, Qiayang County Industrial Park, Xiamadu Town and Chengguan Town in 2016 were sampled by stratified simple random sampling method. Blood lead levels were determined by Tungsten-boat atomic absorption spectrometry . Results The blood lead levels in the 600 school-age children in Qiyang County were (73.98 ± 18.21) μg / L, of which 28 were blood lead levels ≥100 μg / L. The lead poisoning rate was 4.67% and were mild lead poisoning. The blood lead level and the lead poisoning rate of school-age children in different age groups were significantly different (χ ~ 2 = 12.89, P <0.05). The blood lead level of boys (75.73 ± 19.16) μg / L was higher than that of girls 17.14) μg / L, and the prevalence of lead poisoning in boys (6.55%) was higher than that in girls (2.90%) (χ ~ 2 = 4.48, P <0.05). Conclusion Although the level of blood lead in school-age children in Qiyang County is lower than that in other counties and cities in Hunan Province, the risk of potential lead exposure at low levels is high for a long time. Relevant departments should strengthen the monitoring of blood lead levels in the population, especially school-age children.