为简便、准确地检测血液免疫功能，本文建立了自然条件下，以新鲜全血为实验对象，能同时、快速检测粒、红细胞免疫功能的新方法，并初步探讨了其机理。在用此方法对临床病例的检测中，发现肿瘤病人、自身免疫性疾病病人红细胞即时免疫功能明显下降，而粒细胞即时免疫功能变化不明显。说明红细胞在血液免疫基础研究、临床应用中的地位应引起充分的重视。 In order to detect the immune function of blood easily and accurately, this paper established a new method that can detect the immune function of granulocyte and erythrocyte at the same time under the natural condition, using fresh whole blood as experimental object, and discussed its mechanism. In this method of detection of clinical cases, found that patients with autoimmune diseases, autoimmune diseases, real-time immune function of red blood cells decreased significantly, and immediate changes in granulocytes immune function was not obvious. That red blood cells in the basic research of blood-based immunity, clinical application of the position should be given full attention.