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为评价常见不同有机物料添加对风化煤矸石污染物释放及介质养分的影响,分别在风化的富硫煤矸石介质中添加质量比为1%的腐殖酸、牛粪、沼渣、剩余污泥和空白煤矸石5个处理,稳定7 d后测定煤矸石浸出液的酸度、铁、锰、硫酸根等特征污染组分及氮、磷素等介质养分指标。结果表明:风化煤矸石浸出液具有较强的酸度(p H=2.4),较高的氧化还原电位(Eh=403 m V)、电导率(EC=3 653μS/cm),并含有较高浓度的铁、锰、硫酸根(总Fe=483 mg/L,Mn=4.58 mg/L,SO42-=3 005 mg/L)及多种重金属离子(Cu=1.33 mg/L,Zn=0.75 mg/L)。少量腐殖酸的存在,在一定程度上能降低风化煤矸石浸出液的p H、明显提高盐度,但对Eh、铁、锰、硫酸根及有害金属离子含量影响不明显,同时能有效提高煤矸石介质中有效磷的含量。少量沼渣、牛粪、剩余污泥的添加都能有效提高风化煤矸石的p H,降低盐度、Eh、总铁及硫酸根含量,特别是污泥、牛粪表现出相对较好的污染控制效果;同时,沼渣、牛粪、剩余污泥的添加均显著(p<0.05)改善风化煤矸石介质中全氮、全磷含量,且能够极显著(p<0.01)改善介质有效氮、有效磷等矿物养分的含量,但在一定程度上能促进Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、F-多种有害离子的溶出,剩余污泥的添加能明显增加煤矸石浸出液中Zn的溶出,在施用中应注意防范。
In order to evaluate the effects of different organic materials on the release of pollutants and nutrient content of weathered coal gangue, humic acid, cow dung, biogas residue and excess sludge were respectively added into weathered coal gangue medium And blank gangue 5 treatment, measured 7 days after the stability of coal gangue leachate acidity, iron, manganese, sulfate and other characteristics of pollution components and nitrogen, phosphorus and other media nutrient indicators. The results showed that the weathered coal gangue leachate had strong acidity (p H = 2.4), higher redox potential (Eh = 403 m V) and conductivity (EC = 3 653 μS / cm) Zn, Zn = 0.75 mg / L and Fe + Mn + SO 4 + (total Fe = 483 mg / L, Mn = 4.58 mg / L and SO42- = 3005 mg / L) ). The presence of a small amount of humic acid can reduce the p H of weathered coal gangue leachate to a certain extent and significantly increase the salinity. However, it has no obvious effect on the content of Eh, iron, manganese, sulfate and harmful metal ions, and can effectively improve the coal Available phosphorus in gangue medium. The addition of a small amount of biogas residue, cow dung and excess sludge can effectively increase the p H of weathered coal gangue and reduce the salinity, Eh, total iron and sulfate content, especially the sludge and cow dung showed relatively good pollution (P <0.05). The content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in weathered coal gangue was improved significantly (p <0.01), and the content of available nitrogen, Phosphorus and other mineral nutrients, but to a certain extent, can promote the dissolution of Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, F-many kinds of harmful ions, the addition of excess sludge can significantly increase the dissolution of Zn in coal gangue leachate, Should pay attention to prevention.