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单光子雪崩二极管是一种采用盖革模式的单光子探测器件。一旦触发后探测器需要一段时间来重启,重启之后才能进行下一个光子事件的探测。重启所用时间(也叫死时间)的大小会影响探测器的光子计数分布。对单光子雪崩二极管的工作方式进行了数学建模,研究死时间对探测器输出响应的影响,推导出了在入射光子数服从泊松分布情况下探测器光子计数值的概率分布函数,并采用蒙特卡洛仿真进行了验证。结果表明死时间会使探测器输出的光子计数值减小,其分布会更加集中,并且死时间越大,入射光子速率越高,这种效应就越明显。
Single-photon avalanche diodes are a single-photon detection device using Geiger mode. Once triggered, the detector will take some time to restart before it can be probed for the next photon event. The size of the restart time (also known as dead time) affects the detector’s photon count distribution. The working principle of the single-photon avalanche diode is modeled mathematically to study the effect of dead time on the detector output response. The probability distribution function of the detector photon count value under the Poisson distribution is deduced. Monte Carlo simulation was verified. The results show that the dead time will make the detector output photon count decreases, the distribution will be more concentrated, and the greater the dead time, the incident photon rate is higher, the more obvious this effect.