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在新近的研究中,探讨了高温和真空条件下钐、铕、铥和镱的氧化物与各种稀土金属(镧、铈、钕、镨)的还原性能。在试验中,氧化物和还原剂的混合物被压制成致密的试样块,所得到的试验结论总结如下:(1)各种氧化物和铈、镧合金的还原反应速度随时间变化而变化。初期阶段进行得快,中期和后期变得缓慢。各种氧化物的还原能力按下列顺序排列:氧化铕>氧化镱>氧化钐>氧化铥,这一结论与热力学计算完全符合。(2)各种氧化物的反应能力随稀土金属还原剂种类不同而变化。(3)在低温区还原,还原剂的熔点是加快稀土金属氧化物还原反应的一个重要因素。(4)为了得到高纯度的各种稀土金属,氧化物的还原反应必须在低温区进行,因为在高温区还原剂的蒸汽压影响还原反应。(5)对低温区的还原,金属铈和镧比金属钕和镨作为还原剂的效果更好。
In recent studies, the reduction properties of oxides of samarium, europium, gallium and ytterbium with various rare earth metals (lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, praseodymium) under high temperature and vacuum conditions were investigated. In the test, a mixture of oxide and reductant was pressed into dense sample pieces. The conclusions of the experiment are summarized as follows: (1) The reduction rates of various oxides and cerium and lanthanum alloys change with time. The early stages proceeded rapidly, while the middle and late stages became slow. The reducibility of various oxides arranged in the following order: europium oxide> ytterbium oxide> samarium oxide> oxide, this conclusion is consistent with the thermodynamic calculations. (2) The ability of various oxides to react with the type of rare earth metal reductant varies. (3) reduction in the low temperature region, the melting point of the reducing agent is to accelerate the rare earth metal oxide reduction reaction is an important factor. (4) In order to obtain various rare earth metals with high purity, the reduction reaction of the oxide must be carried out in a low temperature region because the vapor pressure of the reducing agent affects the reduction reaction at a high temperature. (5) For the reduction of low temperature region, metal cerium and lanthanum are better than metal neodymium and praseodymium as reducing agent.