There are two major camouflage protections in modem military tactics: UV-protection and near infrared camouflage. However, not a natural and composite dyestuffs provide the mentioned properties. In this study, the cotton fabric was dyed with natural indigo and the natural indigo dyeing process was optimized. Green leaves were chosen as the simulating object, and the camouflage properties of the dyed cotton fabric were evaluated. It was observed that the dyed cotton fabric had good UW-protection and near-infrared camouflage properties. The UV-protection effect was strongly dependent on the absorption characteristics of natural indigo for UV radiation. The near infrared camouflage effect was mainly dependent on the reflection spectrum characteristics of natural indigo in the near infrared waveband.