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常用的固体材料,特别是金属合金,必然会有沉淀相、马氏体、位错等微观结构,因而出现弹性场场。研究固体材料微观结构力学是材料科学和力学之间的交叉曲缘学科,目前正在迅猛发展,把非弹性应变、如相变、塑性应变、错配应变,热膨胀等问题归结为“本征应变”(Eigensfrain)。它仿照处理位错弹性场的方法把总过程分成割取、变形和焊合等程序来处理,用弹性力学方法计算出材料中的弹性场,对位错、马氏体、沉淀相等微结构都适用。本文只作简单的介绍,举出 N—T合金中沉淀相一例,说明它与实际是吻合的。
Commonly used solid materials, especially metal alloys, will inevitably have precipitated phase, martensite, dislocation and other microstructures, resulting in elastic field. Studying the microstructure mechanics of solid materials is an interdisciplinary discipline between materials science and mechanics and is rapidly developing. The problems of inelastic strain, such as phase transformation, plastic strain, mismatch strain and thermal expansion, can be reduced to “intrinsic strain” (Eigensfrain). It is modeled on the processing of dislocation elastic field of the total process is divided into cutting, deformation and welding procedures to deal with, using elastic mechanics method to calculate the elastic field of the material, the dislocation, martensite, precipitated microstructure are equal Be applicable. This article only for a brief introduction, cite an example of N-T alloy precipitation phase, indicating that it is consistent with the actual.