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[目的]了解我国狂犬病高发地区小学生对狂犬病防制知识的掌握情况及其危险行为和暴露后处置行为等方面的现状,为制定针对性的行为干预措施提供参考依据。[方法]采取典型抽样的方法在我国狂犬病高发的贵州和广东两省选取2所地市级小学、2所县级小学、4所乡镇级小学和4所村级小学,在每年级系统抽样选择部分小学生问卷调查狂犬病相关知识和行为情况。[结果]在调查的2408名小学生中,59.51%的学生不知道疯犬的基本表现,22.30%的小学生没有听说过狂犬病,超过一半不知道猫致伤能导致狂犬病,超过4成的小学生不知道被动物伤后应采取措施预防狂犬病,约一半的小学生在遇到犬只追赶时会选择错误做法。近一半的小学生会和家中的犬或猫玩耍,3.20%和18.65%有亲吻犬猫或被犬猫舔的高危行为。12.13%的小学生会和街头流浪犬猫玩耍,约5%还有攻击流浪犬猫的行为。7.10%的小学生有在犬只进食、睡觉或育幼时去嘻逗这样极易导致暴露的行为。被犬猫咬伤后,绝大部分小学生会告诉父母等家人。当伤口轻微或被舔舐肛门、眼睛和伤口时,仅约3成的小学生会自行处理伤口,相当比例不予处理或不知如何处理。广东省小学生狂犬病知识掌握情况、暴露危险行为以及暴露后处置行为情况均好于贵州省,地市和县级学校小学生狂犬病知识和行为情况也好于乡镇和村级小学。除暴露危险行为外,男女学生对狂犬病知识的掌握情况和暴露后处置行为情况无差异。各年级小学生狂犬病暴露危险行为差异无统计学意义。[结论]我国小学生狂犬病知识掌握情况不理想,狂犬病暴露危险行为比例较高,暴露后处置行为状况有待改善,农村地区小学生的相关知识和行为情况差于城市地区。我国小学生的狂犬病健康教育和行为干预工作亟待加强。
[Objective] To understand the status of primary school students in rabies-prone areas of knowledge of rabies control and its dangerous behavior and post-exposure disposal behavior in order to provide a reference for the formulation of targeted behavioral interventions. [Method] Taking the typical sampling method, we selected 2 prefecture-level primary schools, 2 county-level primary schools, 4 township-level primary schools and 4 village-level primary schools in Guizhou and Guangdong Provinces with high incidence of rabies in our country. Some primary school students questionnaire survey of rabies-related knowledge and behavior. [Results] Of the 2,408 pupils surveyed, 59.51% did not know the basic performance of mad dogs, 22.30% of pupils did not know rabies, more than half did not know cats could cause rabies and more than 40% of pupils did not Know that animals should take measures to prevent rabies rabies, about half of pupils in the face of dog chase will choose the wrong way. Nearly half of the pupils play with dogs or cats in the home, while 3.20% and 18.65% have high-risk behaviors of kissing or cat licking. 12.13% of pupils play with street dogs and about 5% attack stray dogs and cats. 7.10% of primary school children have to eat dog food, go to sleep or childbearing to laugh so easily lead to exposure behavior. After being bitten by dogs and cats, most pupils will tell parents and other family members. When the wound is slightly or licked anus, eyes and wounds, only about 3% of primary school students will treat the wounds themselves, a considerable proportion of the treatment will not be handled or I do not know how to deal with. Knowledge, behavior and behavior of rabies in primary school students in Guangdong province were better than those in Guizhou province, prefectural and county school pupils rabies knowledge and behavior were better than the township and village primary schools. In addition to exposing dangerous behavior, male and female students had no difference in the knowledge of rabies and the behavior after exposure. There was no significant difference in the risk behaviors of rabies exposure among pupils in all grades. [Conclusion] The knowledge of rabies in primary school students in our country is not satisfactory, the risk behavior of rabies exposure is high, and the post-exposure disposal behavior needs to be improved. The knowledge and behavior of pupils in rural areas are worse than those in urban areas. The health education and behavioral intervention of rabies in our country need to be strengthened.