一引言建国三十多年来,特别是党的十一届三中全会以后,随着城市经济体制的改革,城市建筑业发展很快。但是,由于历史造成的种种原因,我国城市房屋建筑的数量和质量远远不能满足四化建设和人民生活的需要。以城市居民住房为例,城镇人均住房面积,解放初期为4.5米~2,到目前为止,仍在这个水平上徘徊,不少大中城市甚至还低于这个水平。在人们日常的衣、食、住、行中,住宅的供需矛盾成为人人关心的问题。与发达国家相比,我国建筑业发展速度还是比较慢,为了在本世纪末使人民生活达到小 I. INTRODUCTION Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China for more than 30 years, especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Congress, with the reform of the urban economic system, the urban construction industry has developed rapidly. However, due to various reasons caused by history, the quantity and quality of urban housing construction in China are far from meeting the needs of the four modernizations and people’s lives. Taking urban residential housing as an example, the per capita housing area in urban areas was 4.5 meters to 2 in the initial period of liberation. So far, it is still at this level, and many large and medium-sized cities are even below this level. In people’s daily clothing, food, housing and transportation, the contradiction between supply and demand in residential areas has become a concern for everyone. Compared with developed countries, China’s construction industry is still slow to develop, and it is necessary to make the people’s lives reach a low level by the end of this century.