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引言众所周知,用能量法分析力学中的许多问题时可使问题得到简化,静电场和恒定电场中也有类似情况,如用虚位移法可以较方便地计算某些系统的机械力。在力学中,可根据最小作用原理获得该系统中的变分原理,而在静电场中则可以根据汤姆生(Thomson)定理得出静电场中的变分原理。汤姆生定理指出:静电场中,导体表面电荷的分布使存储在静电场中的能量最小。即可按下式随同具体的边界条件决定场中的电位分布:
INTRODUCTION It is well-known that problems can be simplified when many problems in mechanics are analyzed by energy method. There are similar situations in static field and constant electric field. For example, the virtual displacement method can be used to calculate the mechanical force of some systems more conveniently. In mechanics, the principle of variational principle in this system can be obtained according to the principle of minimum action, while in the electrostatic field, the principle of variational principle in the electrostatic field can be derived from Thomson’s theorem. Thomson’s theorem states that in the electrostatic field, the distribution of the charge on the conductor surface minimizes the energy stored in the electrostatic field. You can press the following formula with the specific boundary conditions field potential distribution: