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目的调查兰州市妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇膳食营养水平。方法选择2014年6月-2016年6月就诊的264例GDM孕妇作为观察组,另选取同期进行健康产检的非GDM孕妇600例作为对照组。采用自拟调查问卷调查两组受试者的基本信息和膳食情况,观察两组受试者食物摄入及食用情况,能量和营养素摄入量,脂肪、蛋白质及碳水化合物的供热比和蛋白质的来源。结果观察组的谷物类摄入量及水果类的食用率和摄入量均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组与对照组其他类食物的食用率和摄入量比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。观察组的能量、脂肪、碳水化合物及维生素K摄入量均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组蛋白质及脂肪供热比均明显低于对照组,而碳水化合物供热比明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组动物性蛋白比例明显低于对照组,而植物性蛋白比例明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论兰州市GDM孕妇的能量、脂肪、碳水化合物及维生素K摄入量均较高,以谷物类及水果类摄入为主。同时,蛋白质及脂肪供热比较低,而碳水化合物供热比较高。蛋白质来源中,动物性蛋白比例较低,植物性蛋白比例较高。
Objective To investigate the nutritional status of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Lanzhou. Methods Sixty-four pregnant women with GDM treated in June 2014-June 2016 were selected as the observation group. Another 600 pregnant women without GDM during the same period were selected as the control group. The self-made questionnaires were used to investigate the basic information and diet of the two groups of subjects. The food intake and consumption, energy and nutrient intake, fat and protein and carbohydrate heating ratio and protein origin of. Results The cereal intake and fruit consumption and intake of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the eating rate and intake between other groups in the observation group and the control group (all P> 0.05). The observation group’s energy, fat, carbohydrate and vitamin K intake were significantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The heating rate of protein and fat in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while the heating rate of carbohydrate was significantly higher than that of the control group (all P <0.05). The proportion of animal protein in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, but the proportion of plant protein was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P <0.05). Conclusion GDM pregnant women in Lanzhou have higher energy, fat, carbohydrate and vitamin K intake, with the main intake of cereals and fruits. At the same time, protein and fat heating is relatively low, while the carbohydrate heating is relatively high. In the protein source, animal protein is lower in proportion and plant protein is higher in proportion.