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经济学研究中,最优价格多是通过在一定的条件下优化设定的目标函数求得,求解这类问题的过程中需要根据不同类型的约束条件设计不同的算法,情况比较复杂时可能无法解出最优价格。本文从另外一个思路解决这种复杂系统中的求解问题,即计算经济学(ACE)从下至上的方法。ACE中不是直接求解整个系统的复杂函数,而是模拟生成系统的每个agent的行为,它们的行为模式可以用简单的模型拟合,这样就得到了复杂系统的整体结果。本文对乘客乘坐轨道交通的行为进行仿真研究,得到整个社会的福利度量,比较不同价格水平下的社会福利函数值,得到社会最优的价格。
In economic studies, the optimal price is mostly obtained by optimizing the objective function under certain conditions. In the process of solving such problems, different algorithms need to be designed according to different types of constraints, which may not be possible when the situation is complicated Solve the best price. This article from another idea to solve this complex system of solving problems, namely, computational economics (ACE) bottom-up approach. ACE does not directly solve complex functions of the whole system, but simulates the behavior of each agent that generates the system. Their behavior patterns can be fitted with simple models, thus obtaining the overall result of a complex system. This paper simulates the behavior of passengers riding on rail transit, obtains the welfare measure of the whole society, compares the social welfare function values under different price levels, and obtains the optimal price of society.