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以上主要谈了在研究儒教时从整体上看应首先注意的问题。下面以日本为例,谈谈处于 A—2—1状况的人们所面临的课题。在儒教作为民间伦理而开始普及于整个社会的德川时代,若论学问,当时,儒学之外还有国学;若论思想运动,也还有心学及神道。作为民间伦理,在儒教之外,佛教、神道的伦理也同时对社会产生影响,各种思想、宗教相互之间的关系十分复杂。因而,在研究德川时代的儒教时应首先对其社会思想状态有一个总体性的把握,并且需要从历史上考察自镰仓时代以来,日本统治阶层的政治观、社会观、伦理观发生了怎样的变化、为什么到了德川时代儒教受到了重视并开始普及于民间等等。
The above mainly talks about the issues that should be the first to be noticed as a whole when studying Confucianism. Take Japan as an example to discuss the issues facing people in the A-2-1 situation. If Confucianism started to popularize in the Tokugawa era of the entire society as a folk ethic, if Confucianism was learned at that time, there was also Sinology at that time; if on the thought movement, there was also psychology and Shintoism. As a folk ethic, outside of Confucianism, Buddhism and Shinto ethics also affect the society at the same time. The relations among various kinds of thoughts and religions are very complicated. Therefore, when studying the Confucianism in Tokugawa era, we should first of all have an overall grasp of the state of social thought, and it is necessary to historically examine the political, social and ethical views of the Japanese ruling class since the Kamakura period Why change, why Confucianism in the Tokugawa period was taken seriously and began to popularize in the folk and so on.