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在东欧向社会主义转变的过程中,生产向大单位集中几乎是国有化和国营企业集权控制的一个自然结果。六十年代后期,匈牙利政府决定排除这种由企业的集中控制而产生的不利后果,提出了企业自主权和企业结构改革的主张。同时私营成分也被允许作为国营企业之补充而存在。然而,这种变化并未中止经济集中的进程,而企业间的两极分化却日益加据,经过这一阵短暂的动荡,大企业的地位得到了进一步的加强。这种在工业、服务业及农业方面的过度集中,导致出现了下列结果,即与其它国家相比,匈牙利
During the transition to socialism in Eastern Europe, the concentration of production in large units was almost a natural consequence of nationalization and the centralized control of state-owned enterprises. In the late 1960s, the Hungarian government decided to rule out such adverse consequences arising from the centralized control of enterprises and put forward the propositions of enterprise autonomy and enterprise structure reform. At the same time, the private sector has also been allowed to exist as a supplement to state-owned enterprises. However, this change did not stop the process of economic concentration, but the polarization between enterprises has been increasing. After this transient turmoil, the status of large enterprises has been further strengthened. This over-concentration in industry, services and agriculture led to the following results: compared with other countries, Hungary