随着我国改革开放进程的不断加快,农业现代化和工业化水平稳步提升,农村人口不断向城市集聚,使得我国的城镇化进程加速发展。经济的迅速发展引发人们价值理念和生产、生活方式的转变,经济相对落后的县级政府改革成为必然趋势。行政生态学、新公共管理和新公共服务理论是基于城镇化与政府职责的三种相关理论,充分体现了我国县级政府职责定位的重要性和必要性。目前我国的县级政府改革已经取得阶段性成果,但是也面临不少问题,需要在吸取国内外成功经验的基础上加快改革,树立全新的政府形象,有效提升政府的社会管理和公共服务水平。 With the continuous acceleration of the process of China’s reform and opening up, the level of agricultural modernization and industrialization has been steadily increasing. The continuous rural population gathering in the cities has accelerated the process of urbanization in our country. The rapid economic development leads to the change of people’s values, production and lifestyles, and the reform of the county-level government with a relatively backward economy has become an inevitable trend. Administrative ecology, new public management and new public service theory are three kinds of related theories based on urbanization and government responsibility, which fully reflect the importance and necessity of the county government’s responsibility orientation. At present, the county-level government reform in our country has achieved staged results, but it also faces many problems. It needs to speed up the reform based on the successful experiences at home and abroad, establish a brand new government image and effectively improve the government’s social management and public service.