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雅典人对政治上的反对派比较宽容,至多用流放方式将他们逐出雅典,但对像苏格拉底这样的思想犯却处置严厉,这是雅典民主制的一个严重缺陷。苏格拉底之死留给后人的一个深刻教训便是,不能用人数的多寡来决定纯属思想和学术领域的问题。而现代民主以宪法的形式保障公民的言论和信仰自由不受侵犯,不因纯粹思想而治罪,这种法律权利保护了暂时还不能为社会多数接受的真知灼见。这是现代民主对雅典民主的一个重要进步。
Athenians were more tolerant of political opposition, expelled them from Athens at most exile, but severely punished thought-bers like Socrates were a serious flaw in Athens’s democracy. One of the profound lessons left for future generations by the death of Socrates is that the question of purely intellectual and academic fields can not be decided by the size of the population. Modern democracy, in the form of a constitution, guarantees that citizens’ freedom of speech and belief is not infringed upon, that they will not be guilty of the crime of pure ideas, and that such legal rights have protected the true opinions that yet can not be accepted by the community for the moment. This is an important progress made by modern democracy in Athens democracy.