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旨在探明中熟籼稻在品种改良过程中籽粒产量和叶片光合性能的变化特点。以江苏省近70年来不同年代在生产上应用的12个代表性中籼水稻品种(含杂交稻组合)为材料,依据应用年代将其分为20世纪50-60年代、60-70年代、80-90年代和21世纪00-10年代(超级稻)4种类型,研究其产量、冠层结构及叶片光合特性的变化。结果表明,随品种的改良,中籼水稻品种的产量不断提高。群体总颖花量、面积指数和粒叶比显著增加,叶基角减小,群体透光率、光合势(绿叶面积持续期)、抽穗期剑叶光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和PSII最大和实际光化学效率以及荧光与非荧光淬灭系数增加。最大叶面积指数和全生育期总光合势与籽粒产量呈极显著正相关。灌浆期剑叶光合速率、气孔导度、PSII最大和实际光化学量子效率以及荧光和非荧光淬灭系数与结实率或粒重呈显著相关。表明在品种改良过程中,株型和叶片光合性能的改善是中籼水稻产量提高的重要原因。
The aim was to find out the characteristics of grain yield and leaf photosynthetic ability of mid-ripe indica rice during grain improvement. In this paper, 12 representative indica rice varieties (including hybrid rice combinations) used in production in different years in Jiangsu Province during the past 70 years were used as materials. According to the age of application, they were divided into 1950s-1960s, 60s-70s, 80s The changes of yield, canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves during the 90s and the 00s to the 10s of the 21st century (super rice) were studied. The results showed that with the improvement of varieties, the yield of medium indica rice varieties increased continuously. Total spikelet population, area index and grain-leaf ratio increased significantly, leaf base angle decreased, population light transmittance, photosynthetic potential (green leaf area duration), flag leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and PSII The maximum and actual photochemical efficiency as well as the increase in fluorescence and non-fluorescence quenching coefficients. The maximum leaf area index and total photosynthetic potential during the whole growth period were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, PSII maximum and actual photochemical quantum efficiency, and fluorescence and non-fluorescence quenching coefficients of flag leaves at filling stage were significantly correlated with seed setting rate or grain weight. It is indicated that the improvement of photosynthetic capacity of plant type and leaf is the important reason for the increase of yield of mid-season indica rice in variety improvement.