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为了明确斯卑尔脱(T.spelta)小麦和莫迦小麦(T.macha)1BS染色体对K型小麦不育系育性恢复等的影响,利用1B/1R小麦K型不育系K3314A、YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系YS3314和YM型小麦温敏雄性不育系YM3314进行秋播、春播试验,考察3种类型不育系育性对温度的反应,并分别与普通小麦品种(系)90(13)21、L783、温6、陕354和邯6172杂交,测定和比较其F1的恢复性、单倍体发生频率和几个重要农艺性状。结果表明,YS3314和YM3314秋播完全雄性不育,春播则自交结实,K3314秋播、春播皆雄性不育,说明T.spelta和T.macha的1BS染色体导入使K3314A获得温敏特性。YM型小麦温敏雄性不育系比YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系和1B/1R类型不育系更易恢复;YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系其杂交F1产生极少或不产生单倍体,且在单株有效穗数和有效小穗数等性状上具有明显的优势,YM型小麦温敏不育系则在穗粒数上具有明显的优势。
In order to clarify the effect of 1BS chromosome from T.spelta and T. macha on the fertility restoration of K-type male sterile lines in wheat, 1B / 1R wheat K type male sterile lines K3314A and YS Wheat thermo-sensitive male sterile line YS3314 and YM wheat thermo-sensitive male sterile line YM3314 were subjected to autumn sowing and spring sowing to investigate the responses of three types of fertility to temperature, respectively, and were compared with those of common wheat variety 90 (13) 21, L783, Wen 6, Shaan 354 and Han 6172. The F1 recovery, haploid frequency and several important agronomic traits were determined and compared. The results showed that YS3314 and YM3314 were completely male sterile in autumn and selfing in spring. K3314 was male sterile in autumn and spring, which indicated that 1BS chromosomal introduction of T.spelta and T. macha resulted in the thermosensitive properties of K3314A. YM wheat thermo-sensitive male sterile lines were more easily recovered than YS wheat thermo-sensitive male sterile lines and 1B / 1R type sterile lines; YS wheat thermo-sensitive male sterile lines produced little or no haploid F1 hybrids And had obvious advantages in the traits per panicle and the number of effective spikelets. The YM wheat thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line had obvious advantages in spike grain number.