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作为以马克思主义为思想依据而自成系统的文学阐释模式,马克思主义批评在一百多年的历史发展过程中,为适应不同时代、不同国家和不同民族的文学活动的特点,实际上形成了多种不同的批评形态,例如苏俄的、西方的以及中国的马克思主义批评,就是最有影响的三种形态。对于马克思主义的文学批评何以会衍生出众多批评形态的现象,人们大都习惯用恩格斯所说的如下观点来解释:“如果不把唯物主义方法当作研究历史的指南,而是把它当作现成的公式,按照它来裁剪各
As a self-contained literary interpretation model based on Marxism, Marxist criticism actually formed in response to the characteristics of literary activities in different times, different countries and different nationalities over a hundred years of historical development A variety of different forms of criticism, such as the Marxist critiques of Russia, the West, and China, are the three most influential forms. It is customary for most of Marxist literary criticisms to derive a great deal of criticism, as explained by Engels’s point of view: ”If we do not regard the materialist approach as a guide to historical research, treat it as Ready-made formula, according to it to cut each