早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)是儿童致盲的重要原因,近20年来,通过激光凝固术对外周视网膜进行消融治疗大大降低了该病所致不良视力的发生率。由于ROP病情连续性发展,迫切需要在ROP导致早产儿视力永久性损伤之前及时检查并监测病情变化。2013年美国儿科学会眼科分会、美国眼科学会、美国小儿眼科和斜视协会、美国视觉矫正医师协会共同在美国儿科杂志(Pediatrics)上发布《早产儿视网膜病变筛查》新修 Retinopathy of prematurity (retinopathy of prematurity, ROP) is an important cause of childhood blindness. In the past 20 years, ablation of the peripheral retina by laser coagulation has greatly reduced the incidence of adverse visual acuity. Due to the continuous development of ROP, there is an urgent need to examine and monitor changes in condition before ROP causes permanent damage to vision in preterm infants. In 2013, the American Academy of Pediatrics ophthalmology branch, the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, the American Association of Visual Orthodontists jointly issued a new revision of Pediatrics screening of retinopathy of prematurity in the United States