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市场经济一个最显著而又最基本的特征,就是竞争,凡有商品生产和商品交换的地方,就必然存在市场竞争。市场竞争是无情的,这里没有“铁饭碗”、“大锅饭”,没有“保护伞”。物竞天择,适者生存,不适者淘汰。这是不以人们意志为转移的客观规律。马克思的《资本论》里有这么一句话,商品生产经营者“不承认任何别的权威,只承认竞争的权威,只承认他们互相利益的压力加在他们身上的强制”。(马克思:《资本论》第1卷,第394页,人民出版社,1975年)但是,市场经济条件下的竞争绝不是横冲直撞,自由放任和不择手段的争斗,而是有它自身的基本规律。它不仅存在于资本主义市场经济之中,也存在于社会主义市场经济之中。
One of the most salient and most basic features of a market economy is competition. Where there is a place for the exchange of goods and commodities, there must be market competition. Market competition is ruthless, there is no “iron rice bowl”, “big pot”, there is no “umbrella.” Natural selection, survival of the fittest, discomfort eliminated. This is an objective law that does not depend on the will of the people. In Marx’s Capital, there is such a statement that commodity producers “do not recognize any other authority, only recognize the authority of competition, and only acknowledge their coercion of the pressure of mutual benefit on them.” (Marx: Capital Theory, Vol. 1, p. 394, People’s Publishing House, 1975) However, competition in the market economy is by no means a battle of rampancy, laissez-faire and unscrupulousness, but rather has its own basic laws. It exists not only in the capitalist market economy but also in the socialist market economy.