从20世纪80年代开始,美国产业界、政府、大学以前所未有的姿态行动起来,相互配合协作,发掘新商业设想,研究新技术,开拓新市场,成立了许多产业技术创新联盟。特别是1984年美国国家合作研究法案通过后,美国产业界出现了组建技术创新联盟的热潮,其中大多数都集中在电子、半导体等行业。实际上在1984年国家合作研究法案通过之前,美国公司企业就已经成立了一些技术联合体, Since the 1980s, the industries, governments and universities of the United States have acted in an unprecedented manner. They cooperate with each other to find new business ideas, research new technologies and open new markets. Many industrial technology innovation alliances have been established. Especially after the passage of the U.S. National Cooperative Research Act in 1984, there was a boom in the formation of a technology innovation alliance in the U.S. industry, most of which were concentrated in the electronics and semiconductor industries. In fact, prior to the adoption of the National Cooperative Research Act in 1984, U.S. corporate companies had already set up some technological alliances,