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人們对硼烷的深入研究,还是1912年以后的事,那时Stock第一次把高真空技术应用于这方面的研究,从而解决了由于硼烷毒性和在空气中不稳定所带来的困难。最初對硼烷的研究主要出于理論上的兴趣:硼烷分子的特殊結构。因此,化学家們希望通过硼烷分子結构的研究能够对化学键理論的发展有所帮助。可是近十几年来,情况改变了,硼烷已經成为合成高能燃料、有机試剂、高聚体、金属表面的防护层、橡胶的硫化剂等等的主要原料。生产的直接需要,就更进一步推动了它的迅速发展。因此,目前这方面的資料很多,本文只对硼烷,特別是乙硼烷,以及和它們关系很密切的衍生物做一般性的介紹。
Deep research into boranes was still after 1912, when Stock for the first time applied high-vacuum technology to research in this area to address the difficulties posed by borane toxicity and instability in the air . The initial research on boranes was mainly based on the theoretical interest: the special structure of borane molecules. Therefore, chemists hope that the study of the molecular structure of borane will be helpful for the development of chemical bond theory. However, over the past decade, the situation has changed. Borane has become the main raw material for synthesizing high-energy fuels, organic reagents, high polymers, protective coatings on metal surfaces, vulcanizing agents for rubber, and the like. The immediate needs of production further propelled its rapid development. Therefore, there is a lot of information in this field at present. This article only gives a general introduction to boranes, especially diborane, and their closely related derivatives.