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在商周的墓葬中常见有折兵的现象,学界对其进行了众多探讨,认为其是北方周人固有一种葬俗。本文结合考古发现,重论了这一现象,认为这一葬俗并非周人所独有,在南方的楚地春秋至战国时期的楚墓中也都见有这一葬俗。结合考古所见的毁器看,折兵应是其一种,其寓意是将实用器明器化,以表明随葬的物品与实用器有别,也即文献中的“人器”与“鬼器”之别。同时,对楚器中的一些其他“毁器”方式进行了辨明,从多层面来揭示这一葬俗的真实底蕴。
In Shang and Zhou dynasties, the phenomenon of discount soldiers is common in tombs of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Many discussions have been made among them in the academic circles that they are inherently burial customs in the northern Zhou dynasty. Combined with archeological findings, this article revisits this phenomenon and argues that this funeral custom is not unique to the Zhou people. The funeral custom was also seen in the Chu tomb from the Chu period to the Warring States period in the south. Combined with archaeological see the destruction of the device, the discount should be one of its moral is the utility of the device to show that the funerary objects and utility are different, that is, in the literature “Ghost device ” of the other. In the meantime, some other ways of describing the funeral custom in the Chu are discerned, revealing the true meaning of the funeral custom from many aspects.