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美国加强研究利用现有坝和水库发展小水电近年来,美国在利用现有的坝和水库发展小水电方面加强了研究工作。例如。(1)在雷丁灌溉水库(加利福尼亚州),现有高2.4米的活动坝将改为固定坝,并设4扇4.3×35米的闸门,同时要加高堤防的高度。水电站厂房内将安装5台贯流式水轮发电机组,每台容量为2,900千瓦,转轮直径4.9米,最大水头为4.3米,电站年发电量为7,900万度,工程造价为5,560万美元。(2)1941年建成用于灌溉和防洪的金斯雷大坝,曾预先考虑为将来的水电站留一条隧洞。在该隧洞内将敷设直径为5.8米的压力钢管,对于容量为5万千瓦、发电量为9,800万度/年的水电站,设计流量为147米~3/秒。按1985年价格,水电站的造价为5,200万美元。(3)布尔日乌安水电站是
U.S. Strengthening Research to Develop Small Hydropower Plants Using Existing Dams and Reservoirs In recent years, the United States has stepped up its research efforts in developing small hydropower using existing dams and reservoirs. E.g. (1) At the Irrigation Irrigation Reservoir (California), the existing 2.4-meter-high activity dam will be replaced by a retaining dam with four 4.3-by-35-meter gates and a higher dam height. Five hydro-turbine units will be installed in the powerhouse of the hydroelectric power station, each with a capacity of 2,900 kilowatts, a runner diameter of 4.9 meters and a maximum water head of 4.3 meters. The annual generating capacity of the power station will be 79 million degrees and the construction cost will be 55.6 million U.S. dollars. (2) The Kingslee Dam, built for irrigation and flood control in 1941, had been preconceived to leave a tunnel for future hydropower stations. A pressure pipe with a diameter of 5.8 meters will be laid in the tunnel. For a hydropower station with a capacity of 50,000 kilowatts and a power generation capacity of 98 million degrees per year, the designed flow rate will be 147 meters to 3 seconds. At 1985 prices, the cost of a hydropower plant is 52 million U.S. dollars. (3) Bourgeonan hydropower station is