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明确水稻生育期氮肥利用与产量的关系,对水稻高产和合理施肥措施的制定具有重要意义。在相同落谷量、等氮量条件下,氮肥基施比例过多,不利于水稻萌芽而影响成苗率。茎蘖增长速度与最高分蘖数随基施氮肥比例增加而提高,但基肥施氮量大易造成水稻群体过大而使成穗率降低。前期基蘖肥高时,可促进水稻的地上部分生长以及物质运输,更有利于中稻分蘖,但也会抑制地下部分的生长。降低基施氮肥比例可促进根系生长,增加穗肥比例,可增加地上部分干物质量,保持后期根系活力,并提高产量和抗倒伏能力。在水稻不同生育期,适宜的施氮量利于水稻群体的高效生长,形成较高的成穗率、单穗粒数和千粒质量,提高水稻产量。
It is of great significance to clarify the relationship between nitrogen use and yield during the growth of rice, which is of great significance for the formulation of high yield and reasonable fertilization for rice. In the same amount of valley, the same nitrogen conditions, the proportion of nitrogen-based facilities too much, is not conducive to the germination of rice and affect the rate of seedlings. Stem tiller growth rate and the highest tillering number increased with the increase of N application rate, but large amount of N fertilizer applied to base fertilizer caused the rice population to be too big and the ear percentage decreased. When the early basal tillering height is high, it can promote the growth of the aerial part of rice as well as the transport of materials, which is more conducive to the tillering of middle rice, but also inhibits the growth of underground parts. Decreasing the proportion of basal nitrogen application could promote the growth of root system, increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer, increase the dry matter content of aboveground part, maintain the root vitality at the later stage, and increase the yield and lodging resistance. At different growth stages of rice, the suitable amount of nitrogen application is conducive to the efficient growth of rice population, forming a higher rate of spike, grain number per spike and 1000-grain quality, and increase the yield of rice.