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取两支试管,向一支试管里加入2克铜片,向另一支试管里加入2克铁片。然后分别加入3—4毫升氨水(浓度在15％以上),并将两支试管振荡。不久,第一支试管中的无色溶液变成蓝色;另一支管中出现浅褐色的浑浊。 这说明由于空气的作用,金属表面往往都有一层氧化膜生成,这些氧化物与氨水作用,有的能生成稳定的络离子,有的能生成氢氧化物,从而使金属逐渐受到腐蚀。 如第一支试管中的现象,就是铜的氧化物与氨水作用,生成了铜氨络离子的原故:
Take two tubes, add 2 grams of copper to one tube, and 2 grams of iron to the other tube. Then add 3-4 ml of ammonia (concentration above 15%) and shake the two tubes. Soon, the colorless solution in the first tube turned blue; the other tube appeared light brown turbid. This shows that due to the effect of air, the metal surface often has an oxide film, these oxides and ammonia, some can generate stable complex ions, and some can generate hydroxide, so that the metal gradually corrosion. For example, the phenomenon in the first test tube is the effect of copper oxides and ammonia water, resulting in the formation of copper ammonium complex ions: