由于所有病人对药物的反应都不相同,因此药物剂量必须因人而异,才能收到治疗效果而不致发生毒性反应。临床药物学有一条基本原则,即药物在血液中浓度和药物疗效之间的关系,比药物剂量与疗效关系更为密切,药物浓度与疗效之间的关系,促使人们对影响药物在体内活动的因素进行深入研究,这就是药物动力学(图22-1)。要使药物治疗合理化,必须了解可以应用到病人医疗上来的药物动力学原则。这样可以把进入靶组织的药量控制在明确而安全的范围内。【吸收】应用一剂药物,首先必须吸收进入体循环,才能发挥作用。最简单的情形是由静脉注入药物,这样显然可以立即得到完全吸收。其它各种给药方式,药物都要经过一段时间才能进入循环,吸收也可能是不完全的。药物动力学过程中,只有药物吸收是直接在医生和制药业控制下的。大 Since all patients respond differently to the drug, the dose must vary from person to person, so that treatment can be received without a toxic reaction. Clinical Pharmacology has a basic principle that the drug concentration in the blood and the relationship between drug efficacy than drug dose and efficacy more closely, the relationship between drug concentration and efficacy, prompting people to influence drugs in the body activity In-depth study of factors, which is pharmacokinetics (Figure 22-1). To rationalize drug treatment, one must understand the pharmacokinetic principles that can be applied to patient care. This will control the amount of drug that enters the target tissue within a clear and safe range. 【Absorption】 Apply a dose of drugs, first of all must be absorbed into the systemic circulation, can play a role. In the simplest case, the drug is infused through the vein, which obviously can be immediately absorbed completely. Various other modes of administration, the drugs take some time to enter the cycle, the absorption may not be complete. During pharmacokinetics, only drug absorption is directly under the control of doctors and the pharmaceutical industry. Big