一、前言矿产资源是国民经济、社会发展和人民生活的重要物质基础,也是衡量一个国家实力的标准之一。我国目前95%的一次能源,80%的原材料,要靠开发矿产资源提供。由于市场的需求增大,大批中小矿业蜂拥而起,加上急功近利的思想,只追求经济效益,而忽视了对资源基础的维护,导致矿山无序开 I. Introduction Mineral resources are an important material basis for the national economy, social development and people’s livelihood. They are also one of the criteria for measuring the strength of a nation. At present, 95% of primary energy and 80% of raw materials in our country are provided by exploiting mineral resources. Due to the increasing demand in the market, a large number of small and medium-sized mining enterprises swarmed into the sky, coupled with the idea of ​​quick success and failure, pursued economic benefits while neglecting the maintenance of the resource base, leading to disorderly opening of mines