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十九世纪中叶前后是西方装饰家具向现代家具过渡的一个转折时期。莫里斯及由其倡导的英国工艺美术运动,影响深远。1856年,德国人M·索涅特成功地应用蒸汽技术将山毛榉弯曲成曲木家具,简化了榫接工艺和繁琐的装饰。十九世纪末,在欧洲大陆兴起的新艺术运动(Art Nouveau)主张在家具设计上采用简单而有力的植物原形,替代繁杂严谨的古典几何造型,在现代家具设计上迈出了可喜的一步。第一次世界大战后,众多设计师广开思路,多角度、多途径地进行家具革新和探索,取得了令人瞩目的成就。里特维尔德的“红蓝椅”、布劳耶尔的瓦西里钢管椅及悬臂靠椅,体现了现代设计的风范,被誉为现代家具的典范之一。斯堪的纳维亚半岛地区的家具设计,在传统技艺和乡土风情的基础上,以自然、丰富、亲切而又舒适的视觉和触觉的综合美感,赢得了世界性的公认。六十年代后,技术革新活动已发展到一个全新的阶段,在美国设计师C·埃姆斯等人的作品中,我们可以领略到有机形和壳体模塑等具有国际风格色彩的椅子的风采。椅子设计上下百年,琳琅满目,蔚为大观。它也从侧面折射出近百年西方现代设计运动的发展变迁史。
Before and after the mid-nineteenth century is a turning point in the transition of Western decorative furniture to modern furniture. Morris and the British arts and crafts advocated by it have a profound impact. In 1856, the German M · Sonnet successfully applied steam technology beech bent into curved wood furniture, simplifying the mortise and tenon process and tedious decoration. At the end of the nineteenth century, Art Nouveau, which rose in continental Europe, advocated the use of simple and powerful plant motifs instead of the complicated and rigorous classical geometric shapes in furniture design, and took a gratifying step toward modern furniture design. After the First World War, many designers widen their thinking, made multi-angle and multi-channel renovation and exploration of furniture, and made remarkable achievements. Ritvel’s “Red-Blue Chair”, Brauil’s Vasilye’s steel tube chairs and cantilever chairs, reflecting the style of modern design, known as one of the models of modern furniture. The furniture design in Scandinavia has won worldwide recognition based on the traditional craftsmanship and local customs, with the comprehensive beauty of nature, richness, intimacy and comfort of vision and touch. After the 1960s, technological innovation activities have taken a whole new stage. In the works of the American designer C Ames and others, we can appreciate the chair of international style such as organic shapes and shell moldings Style. Up and down a hundred years of chair design, dazzling, spectacular. It also reflects the history of the development and changes of western modern design movement in the past century.