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通榆县地处松辽平原的西北部,属松花江、辽河分水岭洪积台地的西段,全县地势西北略高,东南稍低,海拔140～180米,最高海拔206米。流经境内的主要河流有霍林河、额门太河和文牛格尺河。土壤以黑钙土、风沙土和碱土为主。这里属温带大陆性季风气候,年均气温5.1～6.6℃,无霜期140～160天。年降水量330～450毫米,且多集中于夏季,春、秋两季多风干旱,是典型的生态脆弱地带。由于近现代的干旱、过度垦殖和放牧,地表植被退化,浮沙泛起,河溪断流,湖沼干涸,沙丘、沙垄广泛分布,
Tongyu County is located in the northwestern Songliao Plain, belongs to the western section of Songhua River and Liaohe watershed horizons, the county is slightly higher than the northwest, slightly lower southeast, 140-180 meters above sea level, the highest elevation of 206 meters. The main rivers flowing through the territory are the Huolin River, the amount of Taihe River and Wenge River. Soil to chernozem, aeolian soil and alkaline earth-based. This is a temperate continental monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 5.1 ~ 6.6 ℃, frost-free period of 140 to 160 days. Annual precipitation 330 ~ 450 mm, and more concentrated in the summer, spring and autumn windy and drought-prone, is a typical ecological fragile zone. Due to the modern drought, excessive reclamation and grazing, the degradation of surface vegetation, floating sand, rivers and streams drying up, dry lakes, dunes and sand dunes are widely distributed,