据统计,全国每天有2000多列旅客列车在5万公里铁道线上奔驰,但仍适应不了旅客运输增长速度的需要,超员率相当严重。为了解决旅客乘车难的问题,延长客车使用寿命,科研人员开始用耐候钢制造客车。 用普通碳素结构钢制造的客车,在运行过程易受到大气环境的严重腐蚀,虽经人们不断探索,采取各种防锈措施,防锈层最终会脱落,锈蚀又会发生。为了攻克这一难题,科学工作者研究在钢中加入合金元素的方法,取得了很好的效果。实践证明。在普通碳素钢中加入少量的铜、磷、钛、铬、镍等,可大大延缓锈蚀速度,具有较好的耐大气腐蚀性能,它的配方和使用不同于不锈钢,所以被人们称之为“耐候钢”。耐候钢中的铜和磷,在自身被腐蚀的过程中,表面会发生铜的“富集”现象,改变其化学性能。在腐蚀层和铜富集层间形成紧密的薄氧化铜中间层,减缓腐蚀介质向钢板内腐 According to statistics, more than 2,000 passenger trains run daily on 50,000 km of railway lines in the country, but they still can not meet the needs of passenger transport growth. The overdraft rate is quite serious. In order to solve the difficult problem of passenger travel and extend the service life of passenger cars, researchers began to manufacture passenger cars with weather-resistant steel. Passenger cars made of ordinary carbon structural steel are easily corroded by the atmospheric environment during operation. Even though people constantly explore and take various anti-rust measures, the rust-proof layer will eventually fall off and rust will occur again. In order to overcome this problem, scientists have studied the method of adding alloying elements in steel and have achieved good results. Practice proved. In ordinary carbon steel by adding a small amount of copper, phosphorus, titanium, chromium, nickel, etc., can greatly slow down the corrosion rate, has good resistance to atmospheric corrosion, its formulation and use is different from stainless steel, it is known as “Weathering steel.” Copper and phosphorus in weathering steel, in its own process of corrosion, the surface will occur copper “enrichment” phenomenon, changing its chemical properties. In the corrosion layer and copper enrichment layer formed between the thin copper oxide intermediate layer to slow down the corrosion medium to the steel inside rot