众所周知,很多烷化剂具有遗传毒性。这是由于烷化剂均具有高度的化学活性,其本身或其活性代谢产物具有亲电子的原子,可与DNA等生物大分子中O、N等亲核原子发生相互作用,导致甲基、乙基等烷基与N、O共价结合,而使DNA分子烷基化。DNA分子中腺嘌呤的N~1,N~3,N~7;鸟嘌呤N~3和C-6上的O;胞嘧啶的N~3;胸腺嘧啶C-4上的O,磷酸上的氧都可成为烷化剂攻击的靶点,其中以鸟 It is well known that many alkylating agents are genotoxic. This is because the alkylating agents are highly chemically active and have, themselves or their active metabolites, electrophilic atoms that interact with nucleophilic atoms such as O, N and other biological macromolecules such as DNA, leading to methyl, Alkyl groups, such as alkyl groups, covalently bond to N, O and alkylate DNA molecules. DNA molecules of adenine N ~ 1, N ~ 3, N ~ 7; guanine N ~ 3 and C-6 O; cytosine N ~ 3; thymine C-4 on the O, Oxygen can be the target of alkylating attacks, of which birds