Peripheral nerve injury is mainly induced by trauma and causes sensory,motor,and autonomic dysfunction in control regions,and greatly impacts upon quality of life.Traditional treatment methods rely on direct suture and autologous and allogeneic nerve grafts.However,postoperative functional recovery is not satisfactory.Therefore,developing new methods for repair of peripheral nerve injury is an important issue.Stem cell technology has boomed in recent years and provides a novel pathway for treating refractory disease.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be easily obtained and proliferated,are not associated with ethical controversy,present low immunogenicity,can be used in allogeneic transplantation,and show good prospect for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury (Jarocha et al.,2015).Nevertheless,many critical issues need to be solved before successful treatment of peripheral nerve injury using stem cells.