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本文从中古词汇的角度对汉语史的分期问题作一些考察和分析。汉代特别是东汉以来,汉语发生了很大的变化,以东汉为界,把古代汉语分成上古汉语和中古汉语两大块,以东汉魏晋南北朝隋为中古汉语时期,应该可以成立。中古时期的词汇特徵可概括为:①文白分歧明显,早期白话作品中口语词、俗语词大量增加。②旧的概念使用新的词来表达,词汇复音化成为趋势,词所承载的新义位大量产生。③基本词汇开始产生变化,新词与旧词并存并逐步取代后者。④构词法有新的发展,附加式复音词大量出现。
This article makes some investigations and analyzes on the staging of Chinese history from the perspective of the ancient lexicon. Since the Han Dynasty, especially from the Eastern Han Dynasty, great changes have taken place in Chinese. Taking the Eastern Han as the boundary, the ancient Chinese can be divided into two parts: the Ancient Chinese and the Middle Ancient Chinese, and the Eastern Han, Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties Sui as the Middle Ages. The lexical features of the Middle Ages can be summarized as follows: ① The disagreement of literary texts is obvious. In the early vernacular works, the spoken words and the idioms are greatly increased. ② The old concept is expressed in new words, the polyphony of words becomes the trend, and the new meaning bits carried by the words are produced in large numbers. ③ basic vocabulary began to change, new words coexist with the old words and gradually replace the latter. ④ word formation has a new development, additional polyphonic words appear.