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金属材料的激光表面处理属高功率密度热处理技术,是应用光学透镜将激光束聚集到10~4～10~5w/cm~2以上的高功率密度,其光束的焦斑达到10~3～10~5℃的高温,使之照射各种材料表面,以获得表面硬化等特殊性能的新技术。通过激光表面改性,不仅能改进制品的性能,而且可延长制品的寿命,具有极大的社会效益和经济效益,其应用前景十分广阔。本文主要介绍激光表面处理技术的研究和应用情况。 一、激光热处理技术的特点 激光热处理是采用高功率密度的激光束加热金属表面。自冷淬火的工艺方法,与其它表面处理技术相比,具有如下特点: 1.激光熔化后形成的组织,化学均匀性很高,且晶粒非常细小,从而强化了合金,其耐磨性大大提高。 2.激光热处理能改善合金的机械性能,显著提高工具的使用寿命。 3.在激光处理层中,因马氏体转变而得到的残余压应力,提高了抗疲劳强度、硬度、耐磨性和抗腐蚀性能。 4.与常规热处理相比,激光热处理可在不牺牲韧
Laser surface treatment of metal materials is a high power density heat treatment technology, is the application of optical lens laser beam to 10 ~ 4 ~ 10 ~ 5w / cm ~ 2 above the high power density, the beam focal spot to 10 ~ 3 ~ 10 ~ 5 ℃ high temperature, so that a variety of materials exposed to the surface, in order to obtain the surface hardening and other special new technology. By laser surface modification, not only can improve the performance of products, but also extend the life of products, with great social and economic benefits, its application prospects are very broad. This paper introduces the laser surface treatment technology research and application. First, the characteristics of laser heat treatment technology Laser heat treatment is the use of high-power laser beam heating metal surface. Self-cooling quenching process, compared with other surface treatment technology, has the following characteristics: 1. Laser melt formed by the organization, chemical uniformity is high, and the grain is very small, thus strengthening the alloy, its wear resistance greatly improve. 2. Laser heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties of alloys, significantly improve the service life of tools. 3. In the laser-treated layer, residual compressive stress due to martensite transformation improves fatigue strength, hardness, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance. 4. Compared with conventional heat treatment, laser heat treatment without sacrificing toughness