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条约保留制度是国际法所特有的一项制度,其来源于习惯国际法。条约的保留是指“一国于签署、批准、接受、赞同或加入条约时所作之片面声明,不论措辞或名称为何,其目的在于摒除或更改条约中若干规定对该国使用之时之法律效果”。条约保留制度经历了从“全体一致”规则到“和谐一致”规则的重大转变。成为缔约方国家利益博弈与衡平的一种工具。但是,其法律效果也有局限性。
The system of treaty reservations is a system peculiar to international law derived from customary international law. Reservations to treaties refer to “a unilateral statement made by a State in signing, ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to a treaty, irrespective of its language or name, with the purpose of excluding or modifying the law of the time when certain provisions of the treaty are in use in the country effect”. The system of treaty reservations has undergone a major shift from the “unanimous” rule to the “harmonious” rule. A party to the national interests of the game and balance of a tool. However, its legal effects have limitations.