1987年11月至12月间,我们考察了澳大利亚的生产资料市场。澳大利亚的经济是外向型的,尤其是初级产品,绝大多数用于出口,国内消费所占比例很少,是国际市场上初级产品的重要出口国。1981～1982年,澳大利亚农产品及矿产品出口即占全国出口总额的59.9％。1986年产煤1.42亿吨,其中出口9600万吨,国内消费仅3700万吨。年产铜2800万吨,其中80％出口,国内消费仅占20％。可以想见,澳 From November to December 1987, we examined the market for the means of production in Australia. Australia’s economy is export-oriented, especially primary products. The vast majority are used for exports and the proportion of domestic consumption is very small. It is an important exporter of primary products in the international market. From 1981 to 1982, Australian exports of agricultural products and minerals accounted for 59.9% of the total national exports. In 1986, 142 million tons of coal were produced, of which 96 million tons were exported and domestic consumption was only 37 million tons. With an annual output of 28 million tons of copper, of which 80% of exports, domestic consumption accounted for only 20%. Can imagine, Australia