用非手术方法有时很难鉴别近端胆管狭窄良恶性性质，活检或刷洗细胞学检查的特异性＞95％，敏感性仅30％～6O％。如良性狭窄误为恶性肿瘤而施行广泛肝切除术则危害莫大矣。作者分析日本Shinshu大学医学院第一外科于1990～1997年收治的178例肝门或近端胆管狭窄病例，除1例在30年 Non-surgical methods are sometimes difficult to identify benign and malignant nature of proximal biliary stenosis. The specificity of biopsy or brush cytology is > 95%, and the sensitivity is only 30% to 60%. If a benign stenosis is mistaken for a malignant tumor, performing extensive hepatectomy is harmful. The authors analyzed 178 cases of hilar or proximal bile duct stenosis admitted to the First Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine in Japan from 1990 to 1997, except for 1 case in 30 years.