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城市化学灾害的形成城市化学灾害通常,化学事故是由于危险化学品在生产、排放、储存和运输的某个环节中失控,而引起的泄漏并发生燃爆、中毒和腐蚀,一般影响工厂车间、仓库或车辆等局部小环境,造成厂区或周围少数人员的伤亡;倘若危险化学品大量泄漏形成毒气带,并向周围几公里、几十公里以外区域扩散,严重影响到城市环境和居民的生命和健康,或者遭遇火源,发生强烈爆炸着火,将直接造成人员的大量伤亡和建筑的严重破坏,事故就演变为城市化学灾害。如印度博帕尔的毒气泄漏事故就最为典型。从定量的角度看,能造成特大事故后果的城市化学事故,就应称作城市化学灾害。
The formation of urban chemical disasters Urban chemical disasters Chemical accidents are usually caused by uncontrollable leakage of hazardous chemicals at some point during their production, discharge, storage and transportation, and resulting in explosion, poisoning and corrosion, which generally affect the factory floor, Warehouses or vehicles and other minor parts of the environment, causing a small number of personnel in the factory or the surrounding area casualties; if a large number of dangerous chemicals to form a toxic gas zone leak, and to a few kilometers around the area, tens of kilometers away from the region, seriously affecting the urban environment and the lives of residents and Health, or encounter a fire source, a strong explosion and a fire, will result in a large number of casualties and serious construction damage, the accident evolved into a city chemical disaster. Such as Bhopal in India’s gas leak is the most typical. From a quantitative point of view, urban chemical accidents that can cause the consequences of major accidents should be called urban chemical hazards.