戊戌维新时期传统的政治文化体制虽然受到了冲击,“中体西用”论受到了批判,但维新派的进步思想对下层人民的生活影响甚微。直到义和团运动之前,“中体西用”仍是社会上盛行的主导思想。义和团运动一方面使传统的文化政治体制失去了权威,另一方面清廷利用义和团所结成的盲目排外的统一战线最后以失败告终。这既暴露了中国社会与西方的巨大差距,也标志着“中学为体”思路的终结。 Despite the impact of the traditional political and cultural system in the Reform Movement of 1898 and the criticism of the theory of “using Chinese culture and Western learning”, the progressive thinking of the Reformists had little effect on the lives of the people at lower levels. Until the Yihetuan Movement, “using Chinese and Western medicine” was still the dominant ideology in the society. On the one hand, the Boxers lost the authority of the traditional cultural and political system; on the other hand, the Qing government’s use of the Boxers formed a blind xenophobic united front that ended in failure. This not only exposed the huge gap between Chinese society and the West, but also marked the end of the mentality of “learning from the middle school.”