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索氏的结构主义语言学和乔氏的转换生成语言学的哲学基础都为唯心论,而认知语言学则与其针锋相对,力主从唯物论角度研究语言,提出了“现实—认知—语言”这一核心原则,认为语言是基于对现实世界的“体(互动体验)”和“认(认知加工)”形成的。在认知加工机制中隐喻和转喻当为首要,而近来的研究发现后者比前者更为重要。笔者基于此提出了“命名转喻观”:人们通过“体认”感知到某事物的一个特征,就据此来为其命名,从而出现了“部分代整体”的转喻现象。位于江西九江境内“石钟山”的命名理据曾引来多位文人骚客的关注,出现了诸多解释,其实,他们的解释都未跳出“命名转喻”这一认知机制。该观点或许还预示:人类只能求得相对局部的知识,永远识不得世界真面貌。
Soxhig’s structuralist linguistics and Qiao’s philosophical foundation of conversion-generated linguistics are all idealist while cognitive linguistics is diametrically opposed to him and he advocates the study of language from the perspective of materialism. He proposes “reality-cognition-language ”This core principle, that the language is based on the real world “ body (interactive experience) ”and “ recognition (cognitive processing) ”formed. Metaphor and metonymy are paramount in cognitive processing and recent studies have found that the latter are more important than the former. Based on this, the author proposes “Named Metonymy View ”: people perceive a feature of something through “body ”, according to which to name it, resulting in “part of the whole body ” turn Yu phenomenon. In Jiangxi Jiujiang territory “Shizhongshan ” naming grounds have attracted the attention of many literati scholar, there have been many explanations, in fact, their explanation did not jump out “named metonymy ” this cognitive mechanism. This view may also foreshadow: human beings can only obtain a relatively partial knowledge, never know the true face of the world.