中国历史上每当改朝换代之际,士大夫便面临着生存与死亡、隐逸与出仕、抵抗与投降、旧主与新主的抉择,或成忠烈,或作遗民,或为贰臣。对此史学界长期满足于作或褒或贬的道德评判,很少触及行为选择背后的价值观念,更未深入到士大夫复杂丰富的内心世界。本文试图通过对明末清初江南地区士大夫的行为选择和它的价值观念的分析,进一步认识中国古代知识分子及其所负载的传统文化。 In the history of China, whenever the dynasty changes, the scholar-officials are confronted with the choices of survival and death, escapism and deportment, resistance and surrender, old and new advocacy, or becoming loyalists or as refugees or as second world leaders. In this respect, historians have long been satisfied with the moral judgments made or praised or disparaged. They seldom touched the values ​​behind the behavior choices and did not go deep into the complex and rich inner world of Scholar-officials. This article attempts to further understand the ancient Chinese intellectuals and their traditional culture through the analysis of the behavioral choices and values ​​of the literati in Jiangnan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty.