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以4年生‘贝达’砧耐弱光的‘京蜜’与不耐弱光的‘夏黑’为试材,借助石蜡切片法绘制花芽分化进程图,观察其花芽分化进程,同时采取呼吸抑制剂法测定其呼吸代谢变化,研究设施葡萄冬芽花芽分化进程中呼吸代谢的变化规律。结果表明:始原始体出现盛期、花序主轴及各小穗原基形成盛期和花序二级轴发育盛期是设施葡萄冬芽呼吸代谢最旺盛的时期,此期消耗物质和能量最多。三羧酸循环(TCA)途径的高比率运行为设施葡萄花芽孕育提供了较多物质和能量,其中蛋白质脂肪-三羧酸循环(Protein and fat-TCA)途径运行比率的迅速上升促进了冬芽始原始体向花序主轴及各小穗原基形成的方向发育;随后糖酵解-三羧酸循环(EMP-TCA)途径运行活性的增强为冬芽由花序主轴及各小穗原基进一步向花序二级轴的发育提供了物质与能量保障;蛋白质脂肪-三羧酸循环途径运行活性的降低是设施‘夏黑’冬芽花芽分化差的重要原因。交替途径(抗氰呼吸)的活化与花序主轴及各小穗原基的形成和花序二级轴的分化及第二花序形成等密切相关。综上所述,三羧酸循环途径和交替途径的活化为设施葡萄的花芽孕育提供了物质和能量保障,其中蛋白质脂肪-三羧酸循环途径运行活性的降低是设施葡萄冬芽花芽分化差的重要原因。
Taking 4-year-old ’Beida’ anvil with low light resistance and ’Xiamei’ with weak light as the test material, the flower bud differentiation process was drawn by paraffin section method to observe the flower bud differentiation process while taking respiratory depression Dose method to determine the changes of respiratory metabolism and study the changes of respiratory metabolism during the process of floral bud differentiation in winter grapevine. The results showed that the initial primordial blooms, the main inflorescences and the spikelet primordium, and the inflorescence secondary growth stages of the inflorescences were the most vigorous periods of respiratory metabolism in winter grapevines, with the most consumption of material and energy. The high ratio operation of the TCA pathway provided more material and energy for the flower grafting of facilities, and the rapid increase of the operation ratio of protein and fat-TCA promoted the initiation of winter bud The primordial body developed toward the major axis of the inflorescence and the spikelet primordium. Subsequently, the activity of the glycolysis-tricarboxylic acid cycle (EMP-TCA) pathway was enhanced by the growth of the winter bud from the major axis of the inflorescence and the spikelet primordium to the inflorescence The development of the level axis provides material and energy protection. The reduction of the operational activity of the protein-fat-tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway is an important reason for the poor differentiation of flower buds of summer and winter buds. The activation of alternate pathway (cyanide respiration) is closely related to the formation of inflorescence spindle and spikelet primordium, the differentiation of inflorescence secondary axis and the formation of the second inflorescence. In summary, the activation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway and the alternative pathway provide the material and energy support for the flower buds of the plant grapes. The reduction in the activity of the protein fat-tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway is important for the poor differentiation of winter grapevines the reason.