《辞海》上说,保险是一种经济制度,同时也是一种法律关系。保险源于海上借贷。到中世纪,意大利出现了冒险借贷,冒险借贷的利息类似于今天的保险费,但因其高额利息被教会禁止而衰落。1 384年,比萨出现世界上第一张保险单,现代保险制度从此诞生。之后的很长岁月里,保险在西方国家如星星之火不断发展蔓延,并逐步完善和成熟,成为人们日常生活必不可少的商品。保险在实现人们身体健康、“长命百岁”的夙愿方面起到了防范风险的作用。但随着1 9世纪西方工业文明的快速发展,环境污染也在这些保险业“大国”滋生,并一度成为无法 “Cihai” said that insurance is an economic system, but also a legal relationship. Insurance comes from offshore borrowing. By the Middle Ages, there had been adventurous lending in Italy, adventurous lending with interest similar to today’s premiums, but declined because of the high interest rates that the church banned. In 384, the world’s first insurance policy appeared in Pisa, and the modern insurance system was born. After a long period of time, insurance in the western countries such as the continuous development and spread of the stars, and gradually improve and mature, become an indispensable commodity in daily life. Insurance plays a role of guarding against risks in realizing the long-cherished wish of people’s health. However, with the rapid development of Western industrial civilization in the 19th century, environmental pollution has also taken a toll on these insurance industries and the “big powers”