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Objective: To investigate the expressions of atypical protein kinase C 1 subtype(aPKC-1)and E-cadherin in cholangiocarcinoma, and analyze molecular mechanisms of the invasion and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods: The expressions of aPKC-1 and E-cadherin in 9 specimens of benign bile duct tissues and 35 specimens of cholangiocarcinoma were detected by EnVision immunohistochemistry, and their correlations to the clinicopathologic characteristics and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma were analyzed.Results: The positive rate of aPKC-1 was significantly higher in cholangiocarcinoma than in benign bile duct tissues(68.6% vs.11.1%, P=0.006), while the positive rate of E-cadherin was significantly lower in cholangiocarcinoma than in benign bile duct tissues(37.1% vs.88.9%, P=0.016).aPKC-1 expression was negatively correlated to E-cadherin expression(r=-0.287, P<0.05).aPKC-1 expression was positively and E-cadherin expression was negatively correlated to the differentiation and invasion of cholangiocarcinoa(P<0.05).Conclusion: The expressions of aPKC-1 and E-cadherin may reflect the differentiation and invasive potential of cholangiocarcinoma.As a polar regulation-associated protein, aPKC-1 may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma.