内毒素为革兰阴性细菌细胞壁的特有结构 ,其化学成分主要为脂多糖中的类脂质。大量内毒素释放到血液可引起内毒素血症 ,内毒素血症可出现在儿科的多系统疾病。如内毒素在新生儿败血症及败血性休克可刺激内源性介质的释放如一氧化碳、一氧化氮 ,也可对缺氧缺血引起脑损伤起增敏作用。此外内毒素的研究不仅在心血管系统、呼吸系统、消化系统、肾脏系统及神经系统取得较大进展 ,中药作为内毒素拮抗剂的研究已成为热门话题 Endotoxin is a unique structure of gram-negative bacterial cell wall, and its chemical composition is mainly lipoid in lipopolysaccharide. The release of large amounts of endotoxin into the blood can cause endotoxemia, which can occur in pediatric multi-system disease. Such as endotoxin in neonatal sepsis and septic shock can stimulate the release of endogenous mediators such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, but also can cause hypoxic-ischemic brain damage caused by sensitization. In addition, the study of endotoxin has made great progress not only in the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, kidney system and nervous system, but also has become a hot topic in the study of Chinese medicine as an endotoxin antagonist